5 Balloons

Laravel Dusk has a concept of page which helps you organize your browser automation tests. When you are working with a browser test and if the functionality / feature to be tested is complex that spans over multiple pages, then usually the test code becomes cumbersome and messy.

This is where concept of pages in Laravel Dusk comes in. Dusk pages helps you organize the automation code of pages in your application in different page classes. And then different methods of the page can be called with a single line of code in your main test class.

Consider an example of e-commerce application. If you are automating the end-to-end test of adding product to cart, checkout and payment. Then it’s a good idea to create different pages as per your application ( productPage, cart, checkout, payment ) and abstract the automation code of the particular pages inside the page classes.

Generating a new Page

This is how you can generate a new page

php artisan dusk:page Checkout

I often like to go a step further and put my pages inside a directory that denotes the section that they belong to. If a particular page belongs to admin section this is how I create a new page

php artisan dusk:page admin/usersList

Pages generated are created inside tests > Browser > Pages directory.

This is how the default page class looks like

<?php

namespace Tests\Browser\Pages;

use Laravel\Dusk\Browser;

class Checkout extends Page
{
    /**
     * Get the URL for the page.
     *
     * @return string
     */    public function url()
    {
        return '/';
    }

    /**
     * Assert that the browser is on the page.
     *
     * @param  Browser  $browser
     * @return void
     */    public function assert(Browser $browser)
    {
        $browser->assertPathIs($this->url());
    }

    /**
     * Get the element shortcuts for the page.
     *
     * @return array
     */    public function elements()
    {
        return [
            '@element' => '#selector',
        ];
    }
}

Page Default Methods

As seen in the page class code above, by default the page consists of three classes url , assert , elemets

The url() method

The url method should return the path of the page that you are working with, Dusk will use this path to navigate to the given page. Continuing with our example of eCommerce application. If you are working with the checkout page which has a url of /myapplication/checkout . This is how the url method should look like

public function url()
{
    return '/myapplication/checkout';
}

The assert() method

The assert methods get’s executed when you make you call to the Page within your main test. This method is used to make sure that you are on the correct page. You can also utilize this method to make assertions to other elements or text which should be always available on the page.

public function assert(Browser $browser)
{
    $browser->assertPathIs($this->url());
}

By default the assert method assert that the path of the page navigated to matches which the url that we have provided in the url() method.

The elements() method

This method can be used to give short easy to remember names for you CSS selectors of the page. Let’s consider you want to assert the heading of the page which is located at CSS selector path div.docs-wrapper.container > article > h1 . We can create a short-code name for this element and then can use the short-code name multiple times with-in the page methods.

public function elements()
{
    return [
        '@page-heading' => 'div.docs-wrapper.container > article > h1', ]; }

You can now make use of the short name in your method

$browser->assertSeeIn('@page-heading','Browser Tests');

That’a all about Pages in Laravel Dusk and Generating new Page. Next up read about Methods in Pages and Navigating to Pages.